Flash floods are rapidly developing floods occurring within minutes or hours following intense rainfall, dam failures, storm surges, or sudden water releases.

Flash floods represent one of the most dangerous hydrological hazards due to their speed, unpredictability, and destructive potential.

The Mediterranean region experiences frequent flash flood events, particularly in mountainous catchments, arid regions, and densely urbanised areas.

Preparedness measures include:

• Early warning systems;

• Hydrological modelling;

• Flood forecasting;

• Risk mapping;

• Community awareness programmes.